Correlation and Covariance of Random Discrete Signals

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Correlation and covariance can be used to analyze the relationship between signals. They can give information on the characteristics of a system and how it behaves.

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The expected value of a random variable is given by and estimated by , the average of a sampling of values of . The standard deviation of is given by and estimated by the sample standard deviation of .

The covariance is a measure of the deviation between two sets of random variables.

The correlation is the degree to which two sets of random variables depend upon each other.

Sample estimates of standard deviations, covariances, and correlations are denoted with hats (^).

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Contributed by: Daniel de Souza Carvalho (March 2011)
Open content licensed under CC BY-NC-SA


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= sample of the random signal

= sample of the random signal

= mean value of

= mean value of

= mean value of times

= expected value of

= covariance

= correlation coefficient

M. Haag. "Correlation and Covariance of a Random Signal." Connexions. (July 18, 2005) http://cnx.org/content/m10673/2.3.

P. Z. Peebles, Jr., Probability, Random Variables, and Random Signal Principles, 4th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.



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