Magic Squares from Latin Squares

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In a magic square, the rows, columns and two major diagonals have the same sum.

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This Demonstration displays magic squares created by combining pairs of Latin squares randomly constructed from the templates designed by John R. Hendricks [1].

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Contributed by: Jim Clark (July 2020)
Open content licensed under CC BY-NC-SA


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In an Latin square (none shown in this Demonstration), all rows and columns contain one of each of letters, or in our case the numbers 1 to . If the diagonals also have one of each number, the two Latin squares can be combined to form a magic square.

This Demonstration makes magic squares from two Latin squares of positive integers using the formula to create the magic square elements.

The program also makes pan magic squares. A pan magic square is a special magic square that can be shifted, rotated, reflected and complemented with the result still a pan magic square. The buttons cover a range of random-valued techniques to make random magic squares that, in most cases, are pan magic squares. The buttons "rotate left 90", "exchange left/right", "translate up", "translate left", "northeast", "northwest" and "complement" check that the resulting square is magic and therefore pan magic. This magic square construction technique was designed by John R. Hendricks and published in [1].

References

[1] J. R. Hendricks, Inlaid Magic Squares and Cubes, 2nd ed., Canada: self-published, 2000.

[2] J. R. Hendricks, Magic Squares to Tesseracts by Computer, Canada: self-published, 1998.



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