Modular Arithmetic

This visual display of modular arithmetic can be used to illustrate different principles of modular arithmetic (such as the existence of additive or multiplicative inverses modulo ). Because 0 is always represented by black and 1 by white, it makes these values easy to spot in the table. For example, to determine which numbers have multiplicative inverses mod 12, you simply need to move the modulus slider to 12, the operation to times, and then determine which rows of the table have the white "1" square. By using this Demonstration, you can see a wide range of values and different operations for modular arithmetic, which is quite useful for those beginning to study algebra/number theory.