Velocity Averages for Gas Particles

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This Demonstration shows four measures of the distribution of the velocities of particles with variable molar masses at different temperatures. The four parameters are the most probable velocity , in blue, the average velocity , in red, the root-mean-square velocity in yellow, and the standard deviation of the velocity , in green.

Contributed by: Shantanu Gore and Arun Kannan (June 2014)
Open content licensed under CC BY-NC-SA


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Details

The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is given by:

, where is the particle mass, is the Boltzman constant, is the temperature of the system, and is the molecular velocity.

The formulas for computing the four velocities are:

, where is the ideal gas constant (), is the temperature in kelvin, and is the molar mass in kilograms,

,

,

.



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