Prüfer Encoding of Labeled Trees

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A Prüfer sequence of length , for
, is any sequence of integers between 1 and
with repetitions allowed. There is a one-to-one correspondence between the set of labeled trees with
vertices and the Prüfer sequences of length
, from which is derived Cayley's formula that counts the number of labeled trees of
vertices, namely
. This Demonstration shows the Prüfer sequence of random labeled trees of a chosen number of vertices. The procedure is as follows. Choose a leaf (a vertex of degree 1) with the smallest label and write down the label of its only neighbor. Then eliminate the leaf from the tree and repeat the process. This sequence of labels forms the Prüfer coding of the tree. If we count the number of occurrences of a number in this sequence, it equals the degree of its vertex minus 1.
Contributed by: Jaime Rangel-Mondragon (August 2011)
Open content licensed under CC BY-NC-SA
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