, , ,

where represents prey; and represent two different predators; and , and are positive constants. This generalized Lotka–Volterra equation is augmented by a coupled subsystem

, , .

Here, represents prey; and are predators; and , and are coupling parameters. We take with initial conditions and . When the system is uncoupled (i.e., the coupling parameters are zero), these two systems diverge rapidly; in contrast, when the system is synchronized, the trajectories become superimposed.