Transformations of Relativistic Temperature: Planck-Einstein, Ott, Landsberg, and Doppler Formulas

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This Demonstration illustrates spacetime velocity vectors representing internal energy currents and their equilibration for a system of two relativistic thermodynamic bodies in 1+1 dimensions. The velocities of the two bodies are and
in units with
. The corresponding spacelike internal energy current vectors are
and
. The equilibration vectors are the sums
for
. In thermal equilibrium their directions become parallel.
Contributed by: P. Ván and T. S. Bíró (March 2011)
Open content licensed under CC BY-NC-SA
Snapshots
Details
This Demonstration proposes a clarification of contradictory theoretical approaches to relativistic thermodynamics. According to our suggestion, a new concept of internal energy leads to thermodynamic equilibrium conditions that incorporate the existing propositions. You can manipulate spacetime vectors related to the intensive parameter representing energy-momentum equilibration.
In equilibrium, two moving and interacting thermodynamic bodies obey . In the coordinate system of the first body this condition can be expressed by the spacetime velocity vectors of body centers and energy currents as
and
, respectively. The snapshots show famous particular cases for the relative speed
.
Snapshot 1: the Planck–Einstein equilibrium, when the energy current is carried by the moving body, ; in this case the moving body appears cooler
Snapshot 2: the Blanusa-Ott equilibrium, when the energy current stays with the observing body, ; in this case the moving body appears hotter
Snapshot 3: the Landsberg equilibrium, when the energy current velocities compensate each other inside the two bodies, ; in this case the temperatures of the two moving bodies are equal
Snapshots 4 and 5: the Doppler blue shift and red shift () equilibria, when the energy transfer is due to radiation,
,
; in these cases the temperatures of the two moving bodies are related by a Doppler shift
For more information see T. S. Biró, P. Ván, "About the Temperature of Moving Bodies".
Permanent Citation