(unknown) mean of the first population

(unknown) mean of the second population

hypothesized difference between the two population means

level of significance

size of the first sample

size of the second sample

mean of the first sample

mean of the second sample

standard deviation of the first sample

standard deviation of the second sample

You can alter all of these parameters, except for the population means that are being tested, using the provided sliders. Using the tabs, you can also test all three types of hypotheses (right-tailed, left-tailed and two-tailed) and assume that the unknown population variances are unequal or equal. This Demonstration dynamically shows the results of the hypothesis testing, with the red vertical line representing the calculated -value, and the area in the appropriate tail representing the -value. The black line represents the critical value, and the associated area in the appropriate tail is the level of significance. If the calculated value is more extreme (further along the appropriate tail) than the critical value, the conclusion of "reject " is provided at the top of the graph (otherwise, if the calculated value is more toward the center compared to the critical value, the text "fail to reject " appears).