Details

The motion of the oscillator is given by

,

.

An elliptical Kepler orbit can be represented in polar coordinates by

,

where the energy and angular momentum of the orbit are given by

,

.

Here is the mass of the center of force, the mass of the orbiting body and the gravitational constant. It is assumed that (otherwise reduced mass must be introduced). The period of the orbit is given by Kepler's third law:

.

For simplicity, assume units such that .

The mean anomaly (not to be confused with the mass above) is the hypothetical angle about the center of the Kepler ellipse assuming uniform motion. Thus

.

The actual motion is described by the eccentric anomaly , related to by Kepler's equation

.

The equation is transcendental, but an accurate solution for in the form of a Fourier sine series can be derived [2]:

.

References

[1] S. Chandrasekhar, Newton's Principia for the Common Reader, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995 pp. 114–125.

[2] M. A. Murison. "Series Solutions of Kepler's Equation." (Nov 30, 2020) www.murison.alpheratz.net/Maple/KeplerSolve/KeplerSolve.pdf.