Link Budget for Communication Systems

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Propagation loss, multipath and noise are factors that can prevent ideal communication between a source and destination. To mitigate these challenges, communication systems employ various techniques and hardware components, including directional antennas, transmitter power, low noise amplifiers and filters. A crucial tool for assessing system performance in relation to these parameters is the link budget, which shows the relationship between system characteristics and the pre-detection signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). By employing a link budget, system designers can make informed decisions and determine tradeoffs to achieve a desired S/N ratio.
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Contributed by: Victor S. Frost (August 25)
Open content licensed under CC BY-NC-SA
Details
The following parameter definitions and relationships are used:
is the carrier frequency (Hz)
is the transmitter power (W)
is the wavelength with
m/s
is the path loss equal to
with distance
and path loss exponent
(dB)
is the antenna gain
with parabolic antenna diameter
(
is the transmitter and
is the receiver)
K
is the antenna temperature (K)
is Boltzmann's constant
is the bandwidth (Hz)
is the receiver noise figure
.
References
[1] S. Haykin and M. Moher, Introduction to Analog and Digital Communications, 2nd ed., Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2007.
[2] L. W. Couch, Digital and Analog Communications Systems, 7th ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2007.
[3] V. S. Frost. "Introduction to Communication Systems: An Interactive Approach Using the Wolfram Language." University of Kansas Libraries. (Jul 5, 2023) kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/31779/Introduction-to-Communication-Systems-Deployed-V3.cdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y.
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