Confluent Hypergeometric Functions

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The confluent hypergeometric differential equation has a regular singular point at
and an essential singularity at
. Solutions analytic at
are confluent hypergeometric functions of the first kind (or Kummer functions):
,
where
are Pochhammer symbols defined by
,
,
. For
, the function becomes singular, unless
is an equal or smaller negative integer (
), and it is convenient to define the regularized confluent hypergeometric
, which is an entire function for all values of
,
and
.
The second, linearly independent solutions of the differential equation are confluent hypergeometric functions of the second kind (or Tricomi functions), defined by
, where the generalized hypergeometric function
represents a formal asymptotic series.
If the hypergeometric function with argument
is complex, both the real and imaginary parts are plotted (black and red curves).
For certain choices of the parameters
and
, the hypergeometric functions are related to various transcendental and special functions. Several illustrations are given in the snapshots.
Contributed by: S. M. Blinder (March 2011)
Open content licensed under CC BY-NC-SA
Snapshots
Details
Snapshot 1: when ,
reduces to an exponential function; for example,
, for which the real and imaginary parts are plotted
Snapshot 2: relation to Bessel functions:
Snapshot 3: Laguerre polynomials:
Snapshot 4: error function:
Snapshot 5: incomplete gamma function:
Snapshot 6: modified Bessel function:
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