A Minimal Circumcircle Measure of District Compactness
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The United States Constitution prohibits states from "denying any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws". Various decisions of the United States Supreme Court have interpreted this provision to constrain the otherwise existing freedom of the states to draw political districts in ways that disadvantage racial, ethnic or other protected groups. Districts that are not "compact" are subject to heightened scrutiny for evidence of racial or other prohibited biases.
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Contributed by: Seth J. Chandler (March 2011)
Open content licensed under CC BY-NC-SA
Snapshots
Details
The formulas provided in this Demonstration will give an erroneous answer for polygons that self-intersect.
Snapshot 1: a very compact district
Snapshot 2: a very noncompact district
Snapshot 3: a moderately compact district
Snapshot 4: a convex quadrilateral district with moderate compactness
C. Chambers and A. Miller, "Measure of Bizarreness".
E. C. Reock, "A Note: Measuring Compactness as a Matter of Legislative Apportionment," Midwest Journal of Political Science, 5(1), 1961 pp. 70–74.
Permanent Citation
"A Minimal Circumcircle Measure of District Compactness"
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/AMinimalCircumcircleMeasureOfDistrictCompactness/
Wolfram Demonstrations Project
Published: March 7 2011